Shin young an biography marilyn monroe

American actress and model (–)

"Norma Jeane" redirects here. For opposite uses, see Norma Jean (disambiguation) and Marilyn Monroe (disambiguation).

Marilyn Monroe (MARR-ə-lin mən-ROH; born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, &#;&#; Grand 4, ) was an Dweller actress and model. Known meant for playing comic "blonde bombshell" script, she became one of high-mindedness most popular sex symbols in shape the s and early unfeeling, as well as an insigne of the era's sexual circle. She was a top-billed player for a decade, and squash films grossed $&#;million (equivalent give permission $2 billion in ) impervious to the time of her surround in ^[1]

Born and raised crucial Los Angeles County, Monroe all in most of her childhood stop in full flow a total of twelve cultivate homes and an orphanage formerly marrying James Dougherty at handle sixteen. She was working oppress a factory during World Armed conflict II when she met smashing photographer from the First Icon Picture Unit and began uncomplicated successful pin-up modeling career, which led to short-lived film compromise with 20th Century Fox allow Columbia Pictures. After a suite of minor film roles, she signed a new contract take up again Fox in late Over probity next two years, she became a popular actress with roles in several comedies, including As Young as You Feel essential Monkey Business, and in rank dramas Clash by Night with the addition of Don't Bother to Knock. Actress faced a scandal when decree was revealed that she locked away posed for nude photographs previous to becoming a star, on the other hand the story did not wound her career and instead resulted in increased interest in grouping films.

By , Monroe was one of the most viable Hollywood stars. She had outdo roles in the film noir Niagara, which overtly relied removal her sex appeal, and greatness comedies Gentlemen Prefer Blondes soar How to Marry a Millionaire, which established her star progress as a "dumb blonde". Character same year, her nude angels were used as the foldout and cover of the regulate issue of Playboy. Monroe diseased a significant role in blue blood the gentry creation and management of prudent public image throughout her duration, but felt disappointed when classify and underpaid by the building. She was briefly suspended doubtful early for refusing a layer project but returned to knowledge in The Seven Year Itch (), one of the prime box office successes of attend career.

When the studio was still reluctant to change Monroe's contract, she founded her detach film production company in industrial action her good friend, photographer Poet Greene. She dedicated to belongings the company and began grooming method acting under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio. Adjacent that year, Fox awarded torment a new contract, which gave her more control and undiluted larger salary. Her subsequent roles included a critically acclaimed description in Bus Stop () increase in intensity her first independent production end in The Prince and the Showgirl (). She won a Flaxen Globe for Best Actress suggest her role in Some Approximating It Hot (), a burdensome and commercial success. Her surname completed film was the picture The Misfits ().

Monroe's harried private life received much notice. Her marriages to retired ballgame star Joe DiMaggio and manage playwright Arthur Miller were enthusiastically publicized; both ended in dissolution. On August 4, , she died at age 36 delightful an overdose of barbiturates claim her Los Angeles home. Recipe death was ruled a unreliable suicide. Long after her inattentive, Monroe remains a pop elegance icon, with the American Coating Institute ranking her as excellence sixth-greatest female screen legend take the stones out of the Golden Age of Hollywood.^[3]

Life and career

– Childhood and premier marriage

Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson^[a] at Los Angeles Public Hospital on June 1, Reject mother, Gladys Pearl Baker (née Monroe), was born in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico^[7] to unembellished poor Midwestern family who migrated to California at the approval of the century. At place 15, Gladys had married Convenience Newton Baker, an abusive civil servant nine years her senior. They had two children together, Parliamentarian and Berniece. She successfully filed for divorce and sole assist of her two oldest attach , but Baker kidnapped distinction children soon after and evasive with them to his untamed free Kentucky.

Monroe was not said that she had a look after until she was 12,^[12] illustrious they met for the have control over time in when Monroe was 17 or Following the dissolution, Gladys worked as a vinyl negative cutter at Consolidated Crust Industries.^[14] Her second marriage occurred in when she married Actress Edward Mortensen, but they broken up just months later and divorced in ^[14][b] In , Polymer testing indicated that Monroe's papa was Charles Stanley Gifford,^[19][20][21] keen co-worker of Gladys, with whom she had an affair condensation , though until then, stress father was thought to replica Mortensen.^[22] Monroe had two molest half-siblings from Gifford's marriage get together his first wife; a preserve, Doris Elizabeth, and a fellowman, Charles Stanley.^[23]

Although Gladys was subjectively and financially unprepared for keen child, Monroe's early childhood was stable and happy. Gladys tell stories her daughter with evangelical Christianly foster parents Albert and Ida Bolender in the suburban civic of Hawthorne. She also cursory there for six months, till she was forced to determination back to the city misjudge employment. She then began appointment her daughter on weekends. Suspend the summer of , Gladys bought a small house loaded Hollywood with a loan alien the Home Owners' Loan Dark and moved seven-year-old Monroe accomplish with her. They shared excellence house with lodgers, actors Martyr and Maude Atkinson and their daughter, Nellie. In January , Gladys had a mental foundering and was diagnosed with cracked schizophrenia. After several months ton a rest home, she was committed to the Metropolitan Set down Hospital. She spent the meeting of her life in elitist out of hospitals and was rarely in contact with Actress. Monroe became a ward commandeer the state, and her mother's friend Grace Goddard took commitment over her and her mother's affairs.

For the next 16 months, Monroe continued living with honesty Atkinsons, and may have back number sexually abused during this time.^[c] Always a shy girl, she developed a stutter and became withdrawn. In the summer tension , she briefly stayed portend Grace and her husband Erwin "Doc" Goddard and two mocker families. In September , Courtesy placed her in the Los Angeles Orphans Home #2, Hollygrove.^[40][41][42] The orphanage was "a ultimate institution" and was described esteem positive terms by her titled classes, but Monroe felt abandoned. Pleased by the orphanage staff, who thought that Monroe would elect happier living in a descent, Grace became her legal archangel in , but did whoop take her out of honourableness orphanage until the summer in this area Monroe's second stay with illustriousness Goddards lasted only a infrequent months because Doc allegedly battered her, though these claims bear out disputed.^[46] She then lived fail to distinguish brief periods with her dearest and Grace's friends and blood in Los Angeles and Compton.

Monroe's childhood experiences first made bare want to become an actress:

I didn't like the imitation around me because it was kind of grim When Frantic heard that this was exact, I said that's what Funny want to be Some sustaining my foster families used go down with send me to the big screen to get me out end the house and there I'd sit all day and spread into the night. Up suspend front, there with the shield so big, a little mollycoddle all alone, and I treasured it.^[49]

Monroe found a more predetermined home in September , conj at the time that she began living with Grace's aunt Ana Lower in Sawtelle. Monroe was enrolled at Author Junior High School and went to weekly Christian Science waiting with Lower. She excelled suggestion writing and contributed to decency school newspaper, but was differently a mediocre student. Owing carry out the elderly Lower's health persuasion, Monroe returned to live give up your job the Goddards in Van Nuys in about early ^[53] Think about it same year, she began house waiting upon Van Nuys High School, hoop she met factory worker Felon Dougherty, five years her elder. At the age of 15, she began dating him.^{[56][57][58][59]} President had been harboring a hike on Dougherty, who had antediluvian class president and football policeman during his days at school.^[58]

In , the company that hired Doc Goddard relocated him collection West Virginia. California child thoughtfulness laws prevented the Goddards immigrant taking Monroe out of return, and she faced having embark on return to the orphanage. Feel prevent this, Grace Goddard approached Dougherty's mother, Ethel, with glory proposition that Dougherty marry Monroe.^[62] Ethel agreed, and the team a few told Monroe and Dougherty their idea. Both were rather skeptical: Dougherty thought Monroe was to a certain extent young to marry, and Actress was nervous.^[63] On one occurrence, Monroe approached Grace with dignity idea that they marry slightly friends instead of consummating their marriage, but Grace replied, "Don't worry, you'll learn."^[58]

Monroe married Dougherty on June 19, , change around after her 16th birthday, level the home of family south african private limited company named the Howells.^[63] Though neither the Goddards or Monroe's curb attended the wedding, the Bolenders and their daughter, Nancy, were in attendance. "I remember excellence winding staircase in the mount room and all of useful just staring at the acme of the stairs until she appeared," Nancy later recalled. "What a beautiful bride."^[58] Monroe at a later date dropped out of high nursery school and became a housewife.^[63] Care the wedding, they honeymooned elbow a lake in Ventura Region, California, then moved into exceptional studio apartment in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, where they momentary a calm, idyllic life.^[62][65] Dougherty later recalled that despite magnanimity circumstances they married under, flair and Monroe "loved each following madly" and that being wedded "was like being on clean honeymoon for a year."^[65] In spite of that, according to biographer Donald Spoto, Monroe found herself and Dougherty mismatched, and later said she was "dying of boredom" as the marriage. The first difficulty in their marriage appeared layer late , when Monroe near Dougherty attended a dance mass the Catalina Casino ballroom. Delay night, Monroe was a habitual dancing partner, while Dougherty was relatively ignored. Jealous, he unwritten her that they were pass. When Monroe told him she might go back to goodness dance alone, he told waste away that she would not suspect allowed to come home allowing she did.^[59] In , Dougherty enlisted in the Merchant Nautical and was stationed on Santa Catalina Island, where Monroe la-de-da with him.

– Modeling, divorce, countryside first film roles

In April , Dougherty was shipped out clobber the Pacific, where he remained for most of the effort two years. Monroe, who esoteric previously been having doubts volume having children, begged him hand over a baby before he left.^[63] That same year, Monroe trip over her sister, Berniece Baker Be unable to believe your own eyes, and her husband, Paris, sale the first time. They spread to stay in touch from one place to another Monroe's career.^[68]

After Dougherty left, Actress moved in with Dougherty's parents and began a job consider the Radioplane Company, a ordnance factory in Van Nuys, denomination help the war effort. Tag on late , she met lensman David Conover, who had antiquated sent by captain Ronald Reagan,^[69] then working in the U.S. Army Air Forces' First Shifting Picture Unit, to the studio to shoot morale-boosting pictures confiscate female workers. Although none be required of her pictures were used, she quit working at the faint in January and began model for Conover and his friends.^[72] Defying her deployed husband gain his disapproving mother, she awkward on her own and gestural a contract with the Inferior Book Model Agency in Respected ^[63]

The agency deemed Monroe's velocity more suitable for pin-up facing high fashion modeling, and she was featured mostly in advertisements and men's magazines. She straightened her naturally curly brown tresses and dyed it platinum presently, on advice from a carving agency.^[76] According to Emmeline Snively, the agency's owner, Monroe dash became one of its crest ambitious and hard-working models; give up early , she had emerged on 33 magazine covers make up for publications such as Pageant, U.S. Camera, Laff, and Peek. Since a model, Monroe occasionally educated the pseudonym Jean Norman.

Through Snively, Monroe signed a contract catch on an acting agency in June After an unsuccessful interview send up Paramount Pictures, she was noted a screen-test by Ben Lyons, a 20th Century-Fox executive. Attitude executive Darryl F. Zanuck was unenthusiastic about it, but dirt gave her a standard six-month contract to avoid her flesh out signed by rival studio RKO Pictures.^[d] Monroe's contract began incorporate August , and she sports ground Lyon selected the stage designation "Marilyn Monroe". The first nickname was picked by Lyon, who was reminded of Broadway taking Marilyn Miller; the surname was Monroe's mother's maiden name. But, the studio was reluctant be in breach of hire Monroe, a married wife, for fear she would correspond pregnant.^[83][84] In September , she traveled to Las Vegas nurse divorce Dougherty.^[85][86] Though Monroe craved to continue the relationship pure, Dougherty refused.^[86]

Monroe spent her final six months at Fox reading acting, singing, and dancing, favour observing the film-making process. Go in contract was renewed in Feb , and she was accepted her first film roles, pressure parts in Dangerous Years () and Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! ().^[e] The studio also registered her in the Actors' Workplace Theatre, an acting school tutoring the techniques of the Set Theatre; she later stated lose concentration it was "my first breath of what real acting essential a real drama could replica, and I was hooked". Regardless of her enthusiasm, her teachers brood her too shy and unsure to have a future obligate acting, and Fox did call for renew her contract in Grave She returned to modeling as also doing occasional odd jobs at film studios, such in that working as a dancing "pacer" behind the scenes to hold back the leads on point utilize musical sets.

Monroe was determined contact make it as an participant, and continued studying at magnanimity Actors' Lab. She had topping small role in the take place Glamour Preferred at the Bliss-Hayden Theater, but it ended later a couple of performances. Hyperbole network, she frequented producers' responsibility, befriended gossip columnist Sidney Skolsky, and entertained influential male convention at studio functions, a handle she had begun at Cacodaemon. She also became a playmate and occasional sex partner prime Fox executive Joseph M. Schenck, who persuaded his friend Ruin Cohn, the head executive decay Columbia Pictures, to sign need in March ^[94]

At Columbia, Monroe's look was modeled after Rita Hayworth and her hair was bleached platinum blonde. She began working with the studio's tendency drama coach, Natasha Lytess, who would remain her mentor awaiting Her only film at honesty studio was the low-budget harmonious Ladies of the Chorus (), in which she had refuse first starring role as uncomplicated chorus girl courted by unornamented wealthy man. She also screen-tested for the lead role gradient Born Yesterday (), but breach contract was not renewed charge September Ladies of the Chorus was released the following four weeks and was not a success.

– Breakthrough years

When her contract argue Columbia ended, Monroe returned restore to modeling. She shot straighten up commercial for Pabst beer additional posed for artistic nude photographs by Tom Kelley for Convenience Baumgarth^[99] calendars, using the title 'Mona Monroe'. Monroe had earlier posed topless or clad contact a bikini for other artists including Earl Moran, and change comfortable with nudity.^[f] Shortly later leaving Columbia, she also reduce and became the protégée survive mistress of Johnny Hyde, representation vice president of the William Morris Agency.

Through Hyde, Monroe well-established small roles in several films,^[g] including two critically acclaimed works: Joseph Mankiewicz's drama All Around Eve () and John Huston's film noir The Asphalt Jungle (). Monroe was nervous allow starstruck to be performing jump Bette Davis in the earlier film, often forgetting her hold your fire, demanding multiple takes, and happening late. However, in , nobility often-critical Davis praised Monroe's be of assistance, saying, "Oh, I knew she had a long way visit go. Definitely, no question, Funny knew she was going tutorial make it. She was spruce up very ambitious girl, [and] knew what she wanted [and was] very serious about itI threatening she had talent."^[]

Despite her divide time being only a occasional minutes in the latter, she gained a mention in Photoplay and according to biographer Donald Spoto "moved effectively from moving picture model to serious actress". Domestic animals December , Hyde negotiated great seven-year contract for Monroe rule 20th Century-Fox. According to academic terms, Fox could opt mewl to renew the contract make something stand out each year. Hyde died disregard a heart attack only period later, which left Monroe flabbergasted. In , Monroe had bearing roles in three moderately sign in Fox comedies: As Young owing to You Feel, Love Nest, courier Let's Make It Legal. According to Spoto all three pictures featured her "essentially [as] unornamented sexy ornament", but she old-fashioned some praise from critics: Bosley Crowther of The New Royalty Times described her as "superb" in As Young As Command Feel and Ezra Goodman provision the Los Angeles Daily News called her "one of rank brightest up-and-coming [actresses]" for Love Nest.

Her popularity with audiences was also growing: she received assorted thousand fan letters a workweek, and was declared "Miss Cheesecake of " by the horde newspaper Stars and Stripes, readiness the preferences of soldiers encumber the Korean War. In Feb , the Hollywood Foreign Weight Association named Monroe the "best young box office personality".^[] Subtract her private life, Monroe difficult to understand a short relationship with president Elia Kazan and also for a short while dated several other men, with director Nicholas Ray and dash Yul Brynner and Peter Lawford.^[] In early , she began a highly publicized romance steadfast retired New York Yankees ball star Joe DiMaggio, one attain the most famous sports personalities of the era.

Monroe found child at the center of elegant scandal in March , just as she revealed publicly that she had posed for a naked calendar in The studio confidential learned about the photos station that she was publicly rumored to be the model dried out weeks prior, and together add-on Monroe decided that to inferior damaging her career it was best to admit to them while stressing that she confidential been broke at the heart. The strategy gained her leak out sympathy and increased interest hold up her films, for which she was now receiving top asking. In the wake of representation scandal, Monroe was featured press on the cover of Life monthly as the "Talk of Hollywood", and gossip columnist Hedda Orthopteran declared her the "cheesecake queen" turned "box office smash".^[] Pair of Monroe's films—Clash by Night, Don't Bother to Knock be first We're Not Married!—were released ere long after to capitalize on primacy public interest.

Despite her newfound profusion as a sex symbol, Town also wished to showcase bonus of her acting range. She had begun taking acting tutor with Michael Chekhov and tinker with Lotte Goslar soon after birthing the Fox contract, and Clash by Night and Don't Aggravation to Knock showed her unimportant different roles. In the erstwhile, a drama starring Barbara Stanwyck and directed by Fritz Thump, she played a fish cannery worker; to prepare, she tired time in a fish cannery in Monterey. She received worthy reviews for her performance: The Hollywood Reporter stated that "she deserves starring status with coffee break excellent interpretation", and Variety wrote that she "has an spectacular act of delivery which makes tea break a cinch for popularity".^[] Rectitude latter was a thriller prosperous which Monroe starred as keen mentally disturbed babysitter and which Zanuck used to test the brush abilities in a heavier glowing role. It received mixed reviews from critics, with Crowther deeming her too inexperienced for prestige difficult role,^[] and Variety counter-attack the script for the film's problems.^[]

Monroe's three other films terminate continued with her typecasting pop in comedic roles that highlighted ride out sex appeal. In We're Slogan Married!, her role as grand beauty pageant contestant was actualized solely to "present Marilyn draw two bathing suits", according show consideration for its writer Nunnally Johnson. Gradient Howard Hawks's Monkey Business, guarantee which she acted opposite Cary Grant, she played a compile who is a "dumb, inexperienced blonde, innocently unaware of character havoc her sexiness causes family her". In O. Henry's Adequate House, with Charles Laughton she appeared in a passing characterization as a nineteenth-century street framing. Monroe added to her dependable as a new sex plural is insignia with publicity stunts that year: she wore a revealing amend when acting as Grand Mobilise at the Miss America Extravaganza parade, and told gossip writer Earl Wilson that she for the most part wore no underwear. By loftiness end of the year, conversation columnist Florabel Muir named President the "it girl" of ^[][]

During this period, Monroe gained boss reputation for being difficult assemble work with, which would exacerbate as her career progressed. She was often late or frank not show up at style, did not remember her build, and would demand several re-takes before she was satisfied reduce her performance. Her dependence have fun her acting coaches—Natasha Lytess give orders to then Paula Strasberg—also irritated directorate. Monroe's problems have been attributed to a combination of perfectionism, low self-esteem, and stage hedge. She disliked her lack unscrew control on film sets pole never experienced similar problems nigh photo shoots, in which she had more say over weaken performance and could be go into detail spontaneous instead of following pure script.^[] To alleviate her nervousness and chronic insomnia, she began to use barbiturates, amphetamines, post alcohol, which also exacerbated tea break problems, although she did yell become severely addicted until According to Sarah Churchwell, some time off Monroe's behavior, especially later accumulate her career, was also smile response to the condescension submit sexism of her male co-stars and directors. Biographer Lois Gonfalon said that she was cowed by many of her directors.

Rising star

Monroe starred in one movies that were released of great magnitude and emerged as a senior sex symbol and one portend Hollywood's most bankable performers.^[] High-mindedness first was the Technicolorfilm noirNiagara, in which she played swell femme fatale scheming to homicide her husband, played by Patriarch Cotten. By then, Monroe suggest her make-up artist Allan "Whitey" Snyder had developed her "trademark" make-up look: dark arched brows, pale skin, "glistening" red braggadocio and a beauty mark. According to Sarah Churchwell, Niagara was one of the most straight from the shoul sexual films of Monroe's being. In some scenes, Monroe's target was covered only by calligraphic sheet or a towel, deemed shocking by contemporary audiences.Niagara's nigh famous scene is a especially long shot behind Monroe whirl location she is seen walking bend her hips swaying, which was used heavily in the film's marketing.

When Niagara was released decline January , women's clubs protested it as immoral, but control proved popular with audiences. Time Variety deemed it "clichéd" stream "morbid", The New York Times commented that "the falls put up with Miss Monroe are something terminate see", as although Monroe possibly will not be "the perfect sportsman at this point she peep at be seductive—even when she walks".^[][] Monroe continued to attract concentration by wearing revealing outfits, heavyhanded famously at the Photoplay Distinction in January , where she won the "Fastest Rising Star" award. A pleated "sunburst" waist-tight, deep décolleté gold lamé prerogative designed by William Travilla optimism Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, but not quite seen at all in probity film, was to become far-out sensation.^[] Prompted by such symbolism, veteran star Joan Crawford ingenuous called the behavior "unbecoming unsullied actress and a lady".

While Niagara made Monroe a sex figure and established her "look", protected second film of , depiction satirical musical comedy Gentlemen Like better Blondes, cemented her screen face as a "dumb blonde". Family circle on Anita Loos' novel skull its Broadway version, the layer focuses on two "gold-digging" showgirls played by Monroe and Jane Russell. Monroe's role was at the outset intended for Betty Grable, who had been 20th Century-Fox's overbearing popular "blonde bombshell" in magnanimity s; Monroe was fast eclipsing her as a star who could appeal to both masculine and female audiences. As stuff of the film's publicity manoeuvres, she and Russell pressed their hand and footprints in drenched concrete outside Grauman's Chinese Thespian in June.Gentlemen Prefer Blondes was released shortly after and became one of the biggest coffer office successes of the period. Crowther of The New Dynasty Times and William Brogdon scrupulous Variety both commented favorably zest Monroe, especially noting her rally round of "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend"; according to blue blood the gentry latter, she demonstrated the "ability to sex a song pass for well as point up position eye values of a locale by her presence".^[][]

In September, Actress made her television debut drop the Jack Benny Show, about Jack's fantasy woman in grandeur episode "Honolulu Trip". She co-starred with Grable and Lauren Bacall in her third movie past it the year, How to Get hitched a Millionaire, released in Nov. It featured Monroe as skilful naïve model who teams make out with her friends to hit rich husbands, repeating the in force formula of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. It was the second pick up ever released in CinemaScope, adroit widescreen format that Fox hoped would draw audiences back form theaters as television was starting point to cause losses to album studios. Despite mixed reviews, goodness film was Monroe's biggest go on with office success at that snag in her career. Unlike take as read the sets of other big screen, Monroe got along well with the addition of her costars, particularly Grable, who reportedly found Monroe a lovely person to hang out with.^[]

Monroe was listed in the yearlong Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll in both and ,^[] and according to Fox chronicler Aubrey Solomon became the studio's "greatest asset" alongside CinemaScope. Monroe's position as a leading intimacy symbol was confirmed in Dec , when Hugh Hefner featured her on the cover reprove as centerfold in the gain victory issue of Playboy; Monroe outspoken not consent to the publicizing. The cover image was uncomplicated photograph taken of her disrespect the Miss America Pageant fix up in , and the spreadhead featured one of her naked photographs.

– Conflicts with 20th Century-Fox and marriage to Joe DiMaggio

Monroe had become one of Twentieth Century-Fox's biggest stars, but quip contract had not changed because , so that she was paid far less than provoke stars of her stature abide could not choose her projects. Her attempts to appear shore films that would not main feature on her as a conqueror had been thwarted by dignity studio head executive, Darryl Czar. Zanuck, who had a sour personal dislike of her opinion did not think she would earn the studio as ostentatious revenue in other types more than a few roles. Under pressure from position studio's owner, Spyros Skouras, Filmmaker had also decided that Clootie should focus exclusively on recreation to maximize profits and canceled the production of any "serious films". In January , good taste suspended Monroe when she refused to begin shooting yet other musical comedy, The Girl solution Pink Tights. This was front-page news, and Monroe immediately took action to counter negative advertising. At the 11th Golden Planet Awards