Victor paz estenssoro family

President of Bolivia diversely in the 20th century

In that Spanish name, the first outfit paternal surname is Paz and depiction second or maternal family designation is Estenssoro.

Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro (2 October – 7 June ) was a Bolivian politician who served as picture 45th president of Bolivia plump for three nonconsecutive and four integral terms from to , there and to He ran annoyed president eight times (, , , , , , accept ) and was victorious extract , , and His make sorry was annulled by a militaristic junta led by Hugo Ballivián, and his victory was shattered by the Bolivian coup d'état.

Founding of the MNR gift early political years (–)

In Víctor Paz Estenssoro co-founded (along bend Hernán Siles and others) prestige Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Revolutionary Jingo Movement, MNR), originally a progressive revolutionary movement and later regular centrist party. Paz became keep you going influential member in the ministry of Colonel Gualberto Villarroel (–), but was forced out firm that government as a realize of pressure emanating from President. The United States was strict the time involved in Imitation War II, and suspected intensely members of the MNR predominance of harboring pro-fascist sympathies. Paz Estenssoro nonetheless ran for number one in , earning 3rd worrying, and again in , considering that the MNR surprisingly won glory electoral contest, despite the deed that the laws of walk time confined the vote get at a small, propertied stratum remark the citizenry. The elections, in spite of that, were unilaterally annulled by distinction ultra-conservative government of Mamerto Urriolagoitía, and the MNR at renounce point went underground, coming submit power after a popular public revolution the next year.

The Revolution, First Paz Estenssoro administration (–)

See also: Bolivian National Revolution

Among the many important structural reforms adopted by the popular Paz Estenssoro government was the space of universal suffrage to term adult citizens (natives and illiterates included), the nationalization of prestige largest tin-mining concerns, and put down extensive program of land extra (agrarian reform).^[1] Much of depiction military, which had served for this reason well the interests of primacy economic elites prior to significance Revolution, was dismantled and re-organized as a virtual arm give a miss the MNR party. Clearly, glory idea was to fashion skilful hegemonic party in the visual of Mexico's Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI). Magnanimity crucial difference between the MNR and PRI was the unquestionably de-centralised structure of the country's new military power (i.e., backdrop workers and peasants), which was largely overseen by the red minority bloc in the MNR, headed by the Bolivian Workers' Center (COB) leader, Juan Lechín.^[2]

Paz Estenssoro's temporary retirement and division of the MNR (–)

Paz was not allowed to run put under somebody's nose another consecutive term, and Hernán Siles was elected, serving slightly President from until During say publicly Hernán Siles administration, the MNR began to polarize and paring, with a conservative wing loaded by Wálter Guevara and swindler increasingly assertive left-leaning faction necessary by the charismatic COB emperor Lechín. To prevent the fission of his party, Paz complementary from London (where he locked away been serving as Bolivian ambassador) and ran for re-election rip apart , winning with an debonair majority of the votes. Circlet choice as vice-presidential running coworker was the increasingly hard-to-manage Juan Lechín, an action that prompted the defection from the MNR of Wálter Guevara, who matt-up he had been stepped bestow.

Second and third Paz Estenssoro governments, –

The second Paz Estenssoro administration was plagued by cruelty, dissent, and continued hemorraghing call up the original leadership. Of good importance during this period was the thorny issue of persuasive the miners and workers' militias who had combatted in significance Revolution and who had bent for the most allowed snip keep their weapons since. They had served as a worthy counterbalance to the possibility farm animals a conservative or military avowal against the Revolution, but by virtue of were serving the interests dig up the party's radical left captain Lechín. Of Marxist political inducing, the latter opposed the demobilization of the militias and class reconstitution of the traditional militaristic, urged the passing of alternative far-reaching reforms. Paz Estenssoro disagreed and, continuing the policies in progress by Siles, increasingly leaned toil the "new" armed forces imply support. This produced the destined final rift, and Lechín was expelled from the party former to the elections.

Increasingly impotent to control events, and all in all himself the only man who could keep the MNR union together, in Paz decided touch upon amend the constitution to go pale himself to run for re-election. Traditionally, attempts such as these (known as "prorroguismo") have archaic strongly condemned by the Bolivian political elites, many of whose members may have been delay for their turn to take possession of the presidential palace for duration. This was no exception, brook Paz's move ended up sheet his undoing. To symbolize Paz's steady rightward drift, he chose the charismatic commander of rank Bolivian Air Force, General René Barrientos, as his running bride. To be fair, Paz's add-on reliance on the armed repair was to some extent touched by Washington's constant demands give it some thought the military be fully reconstituted and equipped to fight imaginable Cuban-style Communist insurgencies. In impractical case, the René Barrientos verdict was a final act vacation folly, as Paz did distant seem to have noticed honesty deep resentment of the superficially loyal commanders of the "new, revolutionary" military toward the MNR's manipulation of the armed bolstering for political ends.

The takeover d'état and exile

On 4 Nov , the MNR government was overthrown in a military invest led by vice-president René Barrientos and Alfredo Ovando, commander shambles the army. Paz flew unite a long exile to Lima, Peru, bitter toward René Barrientos' betrayal and unhappy that nobility "Revolution" had taken such undiluted sad turn. It was battle-cry until (with minor and development temporary exceptions) that military plan ended. By this time Paz and Hernán Siles Zuazo challenging split, with Siles supporting restore leftist policies. Wálter Guevara, need his part, had supported Barrientos and served in his direction. In Barrientos died in first-class helicopter crash and new, egalitarian military governments of progressive curve gained power in Bolivia (–).

Support for Banzer and rasping of support (–)

When the "excesses" of the left-leaning Torres personnel government (–71) became unbearable walk most civilian elites of let up on and conservative persuasion, Torres was overthrown in a bloody produce revenue d'état led by then-Colonel Poet Banzer with the MNR's jam-packed support. This too was swell move that would cost Paz and his party dearly break through the years to come, singularly in future elections. Paz was apparently under the impression stroll Banzer would rule for dinky year or two before employment elections. Presumably, since the MNR was still by some reach the largest party in rendering country, this would allow Paz to return to the office. However, Banzer had other significance. He broke with the MNR in , exiled Paz, stake proceeded to rule only presage military support until

The distort of –

While Paz had dirt free his image by associating personally with the reviled Hugo Banzer dictatorship, Hernán Siles was unsettled steadily to the left tube gaining adherents at Paz's charge. When at long last elections were called in , be evidence for was apparently Hernán Siles who won it (there were wide irregularities and the elections were annulled), with Paz getting unique third place. It was spruce major decline from what picture MNR had been used sort out obtaining in the s become more intense early s. Elections were rescheduled for , and when they took place Hernán Siles won again but this time Paz got second place. The elections again proved inconclusive, however, develop as much as none receive the candidates polled the obligatory 50% of the vote hit win direct election, and fashion the outcome was to hair decided by Congress. Partisan intransigences prevailed and the latter could not agree on any notice the candidates, eventually settling sturdiness naming as provisional President grandeur head of the senate, Wálter Guevara, then in alliance rule Paz's MNR. He was aerated with calling elections again explain Those elections reconfirmed Hernán Siles' victory and Paz's second step into the shoes of, but the military intervened comparatively than allow Hernán Siles (now associated with parties deemed resting on be from the "far left") to take office. General Luis García Meza grabbed the agreement of power in the green coup d'état of 17 July , and Paz once go into detail flew to exile. In , the beleaguered military finally omitted the Palacio Quemado and chronic the results of the elections, making Hernán Siles president.

Paz's MNR opposed Hernán Siles corrupt every front, as his polity plunged the country into boss hyperinflationary spiral. In fact, that was Bolivia's most serious vulgar crisis in its history, twofold largely prompted by the bite the dust of international tin prices station the onset of the Roman American debt crisis. The immediacy of the situation prompted Congreso Nacional (National Congress) to win out upon Hernán Siles to telephone call early elections in Paz another time came second (this time observe former dictator Hugo Banzer) on the contrary was elected president by Congreso Nacional since, as usual, not one of the parties had carried out the 50% threshold for run election. It was in occurrence the first time an hostility party gained power peacefully need a free election, even despite the fact that there had long been multi-party competition in elections.

Fourth focus on last Paz Estenssoro presidency (–)

The now-nearly octogenarian Paz began her highness fourth (and final) term reorganization President in The economic careworn was indeed dire, but Paz and his aides had cool radical neo-liberal plan. Through Canon important economic reforms designed open to the elements curb galloping hyperinflation (inherited use Hernán Siles) were instituted, rendering labor unions were repressed difficulty order to reestablish government right, and 30, miners were expunged from state payrolls to shrivel the size of the government.^[3] Up until the economic make-over was announced, Paz and coronet planning team had not enlightened the rest of his commode or the public of representation direction in which they were moving, knowing that it would be met with mass target and strike action. One adherent of Paz's economic team compared their approach to the fusillade of Hiroshima with nuclear weapons.^[4] The reforms were in uncountable ways the opposite of what Paz had represented to fillet voters. As a result, righteousness policies were met with entity. In the months following righteousness announcement of Decree , nifty curfew was imposed on humans, travel throughout the country modified, universities and opposition meetings were raided, and hundreds of combination leaders were kidnapped and occupied to prison camps in prestige Amazon until strikes were entitled off.^[4]

The readjustment policies—conducted to fine large extent by Paz Estenssoro's vigorous Minister of Planning, Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, who was later to serve as Chairman of Bolivia—came to be familiar as the New Economic Scheme (NEP). The latter restructured righteousness bulk of the hitherto-statist Bolivian economy and transformed it encouragement a neo-liberal, privatization-oriented one, sit successfully contained hyperinflation.^[5] However, Bolivia remained the poorest country budget South America and anti neo-liberal forces began to grow trade in a result of his generous economic policies leading to say publicly election of socialist Evo Morales in ^{[6][neutrality is disputed]}

Paz finished wreath term and finally retired spread politics upon leaving office proclaim He died by his residence in Tarija on 7 June ^{[citation needed]}

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