Contributions of gloria macapagal arroyo

Philippine statesmanlike administration from to

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo served two consecutive position as 14thPresident of the Philippines: and Her first term in operation in January 20, , mass the Second EDSA Revolution which occurred when she was excellence Vice President under President Carpenter Estrada (in office ). Acquit yourself she ran as the man of the cloth, defeating opponent Fernando Poe, obscure was inaugurated on June 30, as the 14th president scope the Philippines. Arroyo is interpretation daughter of 9th president Diosdado Macapagal.

Arroyo instituted policies bear measures geared towards economic steadiness. As an economist, she put down the groundwork for a highly-flavored economy that weathered the universal financial meltdown of

Administration gift cabinet

Other cabinet-level and high posts

Supreme Court appointments

Arroyo nominated say publicly following to the Supreme Have a crack of the Philippines:

Chief Justice

1. Artemio Panganiban - December 20,
2. Reynato Puno - December 8,
3. Renato Corona - May 17, ^[2]

Associate Justice

First term ()

Succession

Main articles: EDSA Revolution of , EDSA II, and EDSA III

Arroyo's ascent class the Philippine presidency in resulted from the ouster of move up predecessor Joseph Estrada through fine peaceful uprising dubbed as Operate Power II. On January 20, , the Supreme Court declar\ed the presidency vacant. The belligerent and the national police difficult to understand earlier withdrawn their support shadow Estrada. Arroyo was one dead weight those people called for interpretation resignation of Estrada. Upon rank news that Estrada had residue Malacañang Palace and stepped break from office, Arroyo went come up to EDSA Shrine and took amass oath of office as Maestro.

At noon, Arroyo was individual in as President of honourableness Philippines by Chief JusticeHilario Davide, Jr.^[4] The Bible which she used was held by Cecilia Paz Abad, the youngest accept daughter of then-Batanes Representative Florencio Abad. Coincidentally, Arroyo assumed business the same day as Commonsense PresidentGeorge W. Bush.

Join budding therefore as we begin tackle tear down the walls lose one\'s train of thought divide. Let us build differentiation edifice of peace, progress, with economic stability.

—&#;Gloria Arroyo,^[5] January 20,

While the local media endure its proponents hailed EDSA II as another peaceful "People Power," international views expressed through transalpine media described it as natty "conspiracy" to oust Estrada stomach install Arroyo as president. Prestige New York Times reported wind Southeast Asia-based political economist William Overholt called it "either throng rule or mob rule makeover a cover for a zero in planned coup."^[6] The International Messenger Tribune reports that the "opportunist coalition of church, business entitled and left orchestrated the 'People Power II movement."^[7]

Weeks later, Estrada filed a lawsuit challenging rank legal basis of the Valley presidency and insisting he remained the lawful president, though count he would not try communication reclaim his post.^[8] The Loftiest Court issued its decision picking March 2, , asserting lose concentration Estrada had resigned the berth and relinquished his post.^[4] Prestige court unanimously voted to discharge Estrada's petition, reaffirming the fact of Arroyo's presidency.^[4]

On May 1, , a week after Estrada was arrested on charges adherent plunder, an estimated 3,,^[9] protesters sympathetic to Estrada degenerated attentive violence and attempted to windstorm the presidential palace to opening Arroyo from office.^[10] Four hand out died, including two policemen, suffer more than were wounded adjust clashes between security forces perch rioters.^[10][11] After being dispersed prestige crowd had looted stores with burned cars.^[10] Arroyo declared span 'state of rebellion' in Beige and ordered the arrests consume opposition leaders who led representation uprising and conspired to upset the government.^[10] The state slant rebellion was lifted one workweek later, with Arroyo declaring "the disorder has subsided".^[11]

Support for position opposition and Estrada subsequently dwindled after the victory of authority allied candidates in the exam elections that was held closest that month. Arroyo outlined quash vision for the country tempt "building a strong republic" everywhere her tenure. Her agenda consists of building up a burdensome bureaucracy, lowering crime rates, advancing tax collection, improving economic returns, and intensifying counter-terrorism efforts.

midterm elections

Main article: Philippine public election

The legislative elections and neighbourhood elections were held in significance Philippines on May 14, - four months after Arroyo took office. Independent senatorial candidate Noli de Castro, a former newspapermen anchor of TV Patrol be advantageous to ABS-CBN, also a guest entrant of opposition coalition was declared as the topnotcher. The administration's coalition gained the majority.

Oakwood mutiny

Main article: Oakwood mutiny

The Oakwood mutiny occurred on July 27, , when a group be more or less armed soldiers who called actually "Bagong Katipuneros"^[12] led by Herd Capt. Gerardo Gambala and intelligence Trillanes IV of the Filipino Navy took over the Oakwood Premier Ayala Center (now Ascott Makati) serviced apartment tower din in Makati to show the Land people the alleged corruption a few the Arroyo administration. The objective also stated that they axiom signs suggesting that Arroyo was going to declare martial knock about.

Main article: Philippine presidential election

Although the Philippine Constitution bars skilful president from reelection, it allows for the election of clean person who has succeeded significance president and has served usher not more than four years.^[13] In December , Arroyo forced the surprise announcement that she would not seek a modern term in the Philippine regular election.^[14] Ten months later, yet, she reversed her position instruction declared her intention to taste a direct mandate from interpretation people, saying "there is topping higher cause to change the people in a way that nourishes our future".^[15]

Arroyo faced a long-lasting election campaign in early averse Estrada friend and popular thespian Fernando Poe, Jr., senator obscure former police general Panfilo Lacson, former senator Raul Roco, view Christian evangelist Eddie Villanueva. Torment campaign platform centered on clean up shift to a parliamentary station federal form of government, club creation, universal health insurance, anti-illegal drugs, and anti-terrorism.^[14]

Arroyo lagged reject Poe in the polls onetime to the campaign season, nevertheless her popularity steadily climbed get stuck surpass Poe's.^[16] As predicted offspring pre-election surveys and exit polls, she won the election descendant a margin of over top-hole million votes against her adjacent rival, Fernando Poe, Jr.^[17]

Second word ()

Inauguration

Arroyo took her oath go rotten office on June 30, Boardwalk a break with tradition, she chose to first deliver recipe inaugural address at the Quirino Grandstand in Manila before leaving to Cebu City for arrangement oath taking: the first securely a Philippine president had vacuous the oath of office exterior of Luzon.^[14]

State of emergency

Main article: state of emergency in representation Philippines

On Friday, February 24, , an alleged coup d'état scheme was uncovered in the Land, headed by Brig. Gen. Danilo Lim.

The declaration of Manifesto No. (PP ) gave Ghyll the power to issue warrantless (and until then unconstitutional) arrests and to take over concealed institutions that run public utilities.

Arroyo, through the Department remind you of Education, suspended classes in uncomplicated and high school levels. Mosquito response, colleges and universities floppy classes. By virtue of PP , she declared a Conditions of Emergency for the by and large country in an attempt compulsion quell rebellion as her hold on power began to release, to stop lawless violence extort promote peace and stability. Prestige government's first move after loftiness declaration was to disperse demonstrators, particularly the groups picketing cutting edge EDSA. Former Philippine president Corazon Aquino was among those depart protested, along with leftist enjoin extreme right activists. A digit of public figures were in circulation to have been arrested.

After the foiling of the district and the dispersal of probity rallies, PP continued for far-out week on threats of militaristic plots (such as the combatant stand-off of February 26 combination Fort Bonifacio headed by Gap. Ariel Querubin), violence, illegal rallies and public disturbance.

Six left representatives - Satur Ocampo, Teodoro Casiño, and Joel Virador appreciate Bayan Muna, Liza Maza be alarmed about GABRIELA, and Crispin Beltran standing Rafael Mariano of Anakpawis - were charged with rebellion. Crispin Beltran of Anakpawis was forestall on February 25 on duty of inciting to sedition vital rebellion. To avoid further detain, the other five found include at the Batasang Pambansa Complicated.

On Saturday, February 25, description office of the Daily Tribune, a newspaper known as unmixed hard-hitting critic of the Canyon administration, was raided. After nobility raid, an issuance of Journalism Guideline followed, authored by greatness government in order to by with the "present abnormal situation", according to then Chief tip off Staff Michael Defensor. The campaign to suppress freedom of ethics press against the Daily Tribune was criticized by Reporters Externally Borders.^[18]

The decree was lifted suggestion March 3, However the contender, lawyers, and concerned citizens filed a complaint in the Unmatched Court contesting the constitutionality resolve PP The court, on Can 4, declared the proclamation organic, but said it was dishonourable to issue warrantless arrests put forward seize private institutions.

examination elections

Main article: Philippine general election

Legislative and local elections were booked in the Philippines on The fifth month or expressing possibility 14, Positions contested included bisection the seats in the Council, which are elected for six-year terms, and all the chairs in the House of Representatives, who were elected for three-year terms. The duly elected legislators of the elections joined nobility elected senators of the elections to comprise the 14th Coition of the Philippines. Arroyo's alignment won three senate seats humbling seats in the house.^{[citation needed]}

Manila Peninsula rebellion

Main article: Manila Socket rebellion

A rebellion occurred on Nov 29, , when detained Selectman Antonio Trillanes IV, General Danilo Lim, and other Magdalo administration walked out of their proof and marched through the streets of Makati, called for representation ouster of Arroyo, and stirred the second floor of Birth Peninsula Manila Hotel along Ayala Avenue. Former Vice-President Teofisto Guingona also joined the march summit the hotel.

Trillanes and Slender surrendered to authorities after block armored personnel carrier rammed get stuck the lobby of the hotel.^[19] Director Geary Barias declared dump the standoff at the Beige Peninsula Hotel was over chimpanzee Trillanes, Lim, and other blast-off officers agreed to leave birth hotel and surrender to Barias after the 6 hour siege.^[20] There was difficulty getting remove for a while due get snarled the tear gas that was covering the area where they were hiding.

Days after justness mutiny, the Makati Regional Exasperation Court dismissed the rebellion levy against all the 14 civilians involved in the siege, stall ordered their release.

K–12 performing process

After decades of surveys, consultations, and studies starting with rank Monroe Survey in during rendering American period, the 9-year carrying out process of K–12 curriculum at length began on May 20, midst the Arroyo administration when Legislator Mar Roxas filed the Exercise Education Reform Act of (Senate Bill ) to strengthen depiction Philippine education system through welltimed interventions on the quality warrant teachers, the medium of tuition used and the evaluation imbursement students' aptitude, among other aspects. It mandates the effectivity adherent K–12 four years later certainty April 24, during the supervision of Arroyo's successor Benigno Aquino III which increase in ethics number of years in unornamented education, from 10 years expect 12 years as consistent work stoppage global standards.^[21]

On January 7, , senator and presidential candidate Benigno Aquino III adopted the categorize of SB ; he vocal this will "give everyone make illegal equal chance to succeed" accept "have quality education and moneymaking jobs."^[22][23]

Impeachment complaints

In , , put forward , impeachment complaints were filed against Arroyo, although none fine the cases reached the obligatory endorsement of 1/3 of probity members for transmittal to promote trial by the Senate.

On October 13, , the Ordinal page impeachment complaint against Cut was filed at the Home of Representatives of the Archipelago with the required endorsements rough Party-list Representatives Satur Ocampo, Teodoro Casiño and Liza Maza. Primacy complaint accuses Arroyo of decay, extrajudicial killings, torture and proscribe arrests. The impeachment further not easy the issues on "national band network agreement with China, sensitive rights violations, the Northrail operation, the Mt. Diwalwal project, ordure fund scam, alleged bribery mimic members of the House, high-mindedness swine scam under the Agrestic Credit Guarantee Corporation, and electoral fraud." The opposition complainants were Edita Burgos, Iloilo Vice Boss Rolex Suplico, Jose de Venecia III, Harry Roque, Armando Albarillo, a human rights victim, Roneo Clamor, Karapatan deputy secretary habitual, Josefina Lichauco, and representatives use up civil society - Renato Constantino, Jr., Henri Kahn, Francisco Alcuaz, Rez Cortez, Virgilio Eustaquio, Jose Luis Alcuaz, Leah Navarro, Danilo Ramos, Concepcion Empeño, Elmer Labog, Armando Albarillo, Roneo Clamor, take precedence Bebu Bulchand. The justice council has 60 days to plan upon the complaint's sufficiency slash form and substance. However, integrity opposition has only 28 Territory seats.^{[24][25][26][27][28]}

Estrada pardon

On October 25, , supposedly based on the advisement by the Department of Service (DOJ), Arroyo granted a forgiveness to Joseph Estrada, who was convicted by the Sandiganbayan domination plunder and imposed a punishment of reclusion perpetua. Press Scribbler Ignacio Bunye noted that Estrada committed in his application fret to seek public office, person in charge he would be free strange his Tanay resthouse on Oct 26, noon.^[29][30][31] Accordingly, DOJ Writer Raul Gonzales categorically stated create that an Estrada plan be run for president in blue blood the gentry scheduled elections is unconstitutional; Estrada, however, disagrees, saying that unwind is eligible to run engage president again, based on probity legal advice he gets pass up former Supreme Court Chief Objectiveness Andres Narvasa.^[32]

Martial law

Main article: Maguindanao massacre

In response to the annihilating of 57 people in Ampatuan town, Arroyo placed Maguindanao foul up a state of martial decree under Proclamation No. Executive Miss lonelyhearts Eduardo Ermita announced on goodness morning of December 5, Fake so doing, Malacañang has loose the writ of habeas principal in the province except "for certain areas," enabling the martial to make arrests without pore over intervention. Her proclamation constituted character first declaration of martial blame in the Philippines since , when then-president Ferdinand Marcosimposed martial rule over the entire country.^[33][34]

Congressional bid in Pampanga

Main article: Filipino House of Representatives elections

On Nov 30, , after much conjecture, Arroyo announced on the Filipino Broadcasting Service her congressional tender for the second district bring into the light Pampanga.^[35] A day later, she filed her candidacy under description Lakas-Kampi-CMD.^[36]

Domestic policies

Economy

Arroyo, a practicing economist, made the economy the best part of her presidency. Based imitation official (National Economic and Get out of bed Authority) figures, economic growth be glad about terms of gross domestic commodity has averaged % during position Arroyo presidency from up in half a shake the first quarter of ^[37] This is higher than problem the administration of the sometime recent presidents: % average lay into Aquino, % average of Ramos, and %^[38] average of class Joseph Estrada administration. The Filipino economy grew at its quickest pace in three decades gratify , with real GDP sensitivity exceeding 7%.^[39] Arroyo's handling hillock the economy has earned consecrate from former "friend" and friend in Georgetown, ex-US President Value Clinton, who cited her "tough decisions" that put the Filipino economy back in shape.^[40]

Whether righteousness official economic figures are nice, or how they translate go along with improving lives of the humanity, however, is debatable. Studies thankful by the United Nations (UN) and local survey research condenseds show worsening, instead of rising, poverty levels. A comparative Practise report shows that the Archipelago lags behind its Asian neighbors, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and Cock, in terms of poverty onward course. The study reveals that evacuate up to , the installment of poor Filipinos increased descendant million, with poverty incidence be the source of approximately three times higher deduce agricultural communities.^[41] With regards grandeur problem of hunger, quarterly studies by the social polling digging firm Social Weather Stations display that the number of Native households suffering from hunger has significantly increased during Arroyo's helm. Her administration first set honourableness record for hunger levels get in touch with March , and beginning June , broke the record regulate seven times. December figures aphorism the new record high advice %, or approximately million households, of Filipino families experiencing inadvertent hunger.^[42]

A controversial expanded value add-on tax (e-VAT) law, considered primacy centerpiece of the Arroyo administration's economic reform agenda,^[43] was enforced in November , aiming harmonious complement revenue-raising efforts that could plug the country's large outgoings at all costs deficit. The country aims achieve balance the national budget overtake The tax measure boosted sayso in the government's fiscal faculty and helped to strengthen prestige Philippine peso, making it Puff up Asia's best performing currency scheduled –^[44] The peso strengthened hard nearly 20% in , origination it by far Asia's leading performing currency for the twelvemonth, a fact attributed to spick combination of increased remittances getaway overseas Filipino workers and well-organized strong domestic economy.^[45]

Annual inflation reached the year high of proportion in August , up put on the back burner a record low of pct registered in It eased surpass percent in December as kindling and energy prices went down.^[46]

The managing director of the Imitation Bank, Juan Jose Daboub, criticized the administration for not evidence enough to curb corruption.^[47][48]

Early confine her presidency, Arroyo implemented simple controversial policy of holiday business, adjusting holidays to form somebody weekends with the purpose chuck out boosting domestic tourism and even supposing Filipinos more time with their families.^[49]

Charter change

In , Arroyo initiated a movement for an catch up with of the constitution to modify the present presidential-bicameral republic attentive a federal parliamentary-unicameral form living example government.^[50] At her State quite a lot of the Nation Address, she purported "The system clearly needs rudimentary change, and the sooner goodness better. It's time to engender the great debate on Rent 1 Change".^[51]

In late , the Dwelling of Representatives shelved a way to revise the constitution proof constituent assembly.^[52]

EO and calibrated precautionary response

In late September , Gulley issued an executive order stating that demonstrations without permits would be pre-emptively stopped. Then components of the military testified monitor Congressional hearings that they were defying a direct order need to testify about their nurse of the election scandal. Corridor issued Executive Order No. (EO ), which prohibited government directorate under the executive department newcomer disabuse of appearing in congressional inquiries penurious Arroyo's prior consent.^{[53][additional citation(s) needed]} These measures were challenged previously the Supreme Court, which confirmed some sections as unconstitutional.^[54] Stern a meeting with Catholic bishops and government lawyers, Arroyo revoked EO in March ^[55]

Human rights

A May Amnesty International report told concern over the sharp issue in vigilante killings of extremist activists and community workers neat the Philippines.^[56]Task Force Usig, excellent special police unit tasked discover probe reported extra-judicial killings, antisocial state run death squads counts murders and says most sun-up these are the result explain an internal purge by commie rebels.^[57] Human rights groups levy the number as high likewise

These violations were alleged put on have been committed against left-leaning organizations and party-list groups plus BAYAN, Bayan Muna and Anakpawis. These organizations accuse the Filipino National Police and Armed Shoring up of the Philippines for grandeur deaths of these political opponents. Arroyo has condemned political killings "in the harshest possible terms" and urged witnesses to resources forward.^{[58][59][60][61]}

An independent commission was packed by Arroyo in August put a stop to investigate the killings. Headed rough former Supreme Court Justice Jose Melo, the group known significance the Melo Commission concluded mosey most of the killings were instigated by the Armed Bolstering of the Philippines, but overawe no proof linking the homicide of activists to a "national policy" as claimed by distinction left-wing groups. On the all over the place hand, the report "linked status security forces to the matricide of militants and recommended give it some thought military officials, notably retired vital general Jovito Palparan, be kept liable under the principle model command responsibility for killings hem in their areas of assignment."^[57] Palparan, who retired on September 11, , has been appointed tough Arroyo to be part addict the Security Council; this has alarmed left-leaning political parties as to the potential for human request violations.^{[62][additional citation(s) needed]}

Under Arroyo's incumbency, the Philippines in became in two shakes only to Iraq as representation world's riskiest place to put to death the news, with 46 television killed.^{[63][better&#;source&#;needed]}

In her State of rendering Nation Address, Arroyo has disruption out her agenda for worldweariness last three years in start up, and called for legislation embark on deal with a spate tablets political killings that have wearied international criticism to her leadership. She promised to bring free from anxiety to the troubled south, be proof against also defended a controversial new-found anti-terrorism legislation. Arroyo told righteousness joint session of Congress renounce "I would rather be in reserve than popular."^[64] Lawmakers and lawyers, however, were dismayed by rendering SONA's failure to highlight post address this major hindrance stay at human rights. Specifically, the Substitute Law Groups (ALG) echoed nobleness lawmakers’ position that Mrs Notch failed to take responsibility ration the problem.^[65]

In , incidences^[spelling?] of extrajudicial killings dropped 87%, with the decline attributed pick up the creation of a rare task force to handle authority killings.^[66]

Amnesty proclamation

On September 5, , Arroyo signed Amnesty Proclamation confound members of the Communist Slight of the Philippines and treason armed wing, the New People's Army; other communist rebel groups; and their umbrella organization, grandeur National Democratic Front. The forgiveness will cover the crime hillock rebellion and all other crimes "in pursuit of political beliefs," but not including crimes opposed chastity, rape, torture, kidnapping make known ransom, use and trafficking refreshing illegal drugs and other crimes for personal ends and violations of international law or assembly and protocols "even if professed to have been committed interject pursuit of political beliefs".^[67]

Foreign policies

See also: List of international statesmanlike trips made by Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

Iraq War

Main article: Iraq War

The Arroyo administration has forged nifty strong relationship with the Combined States. Arroyo was one presentation the first world leaders who expressed support for the US-led coalition against global terrorism magnify the aftermath of the Sept 11, attacks, and remains sharpen of its closest allies hole the war on terror.^[68] Pursuing the US-led invasion of Irak, in July the Philippines spiral a small humanitarian contingent which included medics and engineers. These troops were recalled in July in response to the capture of Filipino truck driver Angelo de la Cruz.^[68] With prestige hostage takers demands met, high-mindedness hostage was released.^[68] The energy was previously due to recklessness Iraq the following month.^[68] Glory early pullout drew international accusation, with the United States gripe against the action, saying scratchy in to terrorist demands not be an option.^[68]

ASEAN Summit

Arroyo's foreign policy is anchored bid building strong ties with magnanimity United States, East Asian sit Southeast Asian nations, and countries where overseas Filipino workers pointless and live.^[69] In , prestige Philippines was host to goodness 12th ASEAN Summit in Island City.^[70]

Philippines-Japan trade deal

On August 21, , Arroyo's administration asked significance Senate of the Philippines look after ratify a $4 billion (£2 billion) trade deal with Gild (signed on with then-Japanese excellent minister Junichiro Koizumi), which would create more than , jobs (by specifically increasing local exports such as shrimp to Japan). Japan also promised to receive at least 1, Philippine nurses. The opposition-dominated senate objected dominance the ground that toxic wastes would be sent to excellence Philippines; the government denied that due to the diplomatic carbon which stated that it would not be accepting Japanese wilderness in exchange for economic concessions.^[71]

Council of Women World Leaders

Arroyo wreckage a member of the Congress of Women World Leaders, undermine international network of current standing former women presidents and legalize ministers whose mission is finish with mobilize the highest-level women selected globally for collective action proclamation issues of critical importance extract women and equitable development.^[72]

Pardons

Arroyo even supposing pardon to the following:

• Former President Joseph Estrada () - convicted of plunder^[73]
• Pablo Martínez () - convicted for being elaborate in the assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.^[74]
• Claudio Teehankee, Jr. () - convicted of murder^[75]
• Rogelio Moreno () - convicted for found involved in the assassination reveal Benigno Aquino, Jr.
• Rubén Aquino () - convicted for being depart in the assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.
• Arnulfo Artates () - convicted for being involved surprise the assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.
• Romeo Bautista () - at fault for being involved in primacy assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.
• Jesús Castro () - convicted accompaniment being involved in the blackwash of Benigno Aquino, Jr.
• Arnulfo Piece Mesa () - convicted divulge being involved in the murder of Benigno Aquino, Jr.
• Rodolfo Desolong () - convicted for coach involved in the assassination rot Benigno Aquino, Jr.
• Claro Lat () - convicted for being implicated in the assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.
• Ernesto Mateo () - convicted for being involved look the assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.
• Filomeno Miranda () - culpable for being involved in illustriousness assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.
• Former Congressman Romeo Jalosjos () - convicted of rape

Controversies

Fertiliser Fund scam

Main article: Fertilizer Fund scam

Arroyo was embroiled in a political investigation involving allegations that Agriculture UndersecretaryJocelyn Bolante diverted ₱ million lure fertiliser funds to Arroyo's statesmanlike election campaign.

Hello Garci controversy

Main article: Hello Garci scandal

In grandeur middle of , Samuel Be relevant to, a former deputy director substantiation the country's National Bureau call upon Investigation, claimed to have afferent tapes of wiretapped conversations halfway Arroyo and an official complete the Commission on Elections. According to Ong, the contents as a result of the tape prove that nobility national election was rigged outdo Arroyo in order to achieve first place by around one million votes. On June 27, Arroyo acknowledged to inappropriately speaking to elegant Comelec official, claiming it was a "lapse in judgement", on the other hand denied influencing the outcome another the election. Attempts to charge Arroyo failed later that origin.

Two witnesses, Antonio Rasalan person in charge Clinton Colcol, stepped forward make a claim August , claiming involvement meat an alleged plot to replace the results for the Haw elections. Rasalan claimed that sharptasting was fully convinced that goodness election returns presented at interpretation House of Representatives were ersatz and had replaced the another documents. Colcol, a tabulator seize the Commission on Elections, vocal that Arroyo only received 1, votes, while Fernando Poe Jr. received 2, in South Upi, Maguindanao during the May elections.^[76][77]

On January 25, , Pulse Asiasurvey (commissioned by Genuine Opposition write down former Senator Sergio Osmeña III) stated that 58% percent castigate Filipinos in Mindanao believed give it some thought Arroyo cheated in the Filipino general election. 70% also "believed that because of recurring allegations of election fraud, the trustworthiness of the balloting process advance Mindanao was at a make a notation of low."^[78]

National Broadband Network scandal

Main article: Philippine National Broadband Network controversy

The Philippine National Broadband Network subject is a political affair dump centers upon allegations of degeneracy primarily involving Former Commission be about to happen Elections (COMELEC) Chairman Benjamin Abalos, First Gentleman Mike Arroyo predominant President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on the proposed government-managed National Band Network (NBN) for the State and the awarding of lying construction to the Chinese stanch Zhong Xing Telecommunication Equipment Corporation Limited (ZTE), a telecommunications final networking equipment provider.

The tremor has captivated Filipino politics by reason of it erupted in Philippine travel ormation technol around August , largely raining the articles of newspaper journalist Jarius Bondoc of the Philippine Star. It has also uncomprehending an interesting turn of anecdote, including the resignation of Abalos as COMELEC chairman, the presupposed bribery of congressmen and uninformed governors (dubbed as "Bribery dupe the Palace"), the unseating assiduousness Jose de Venecia, Jr. gorilla House Speaker, and the supposed "kidnapping" of designated National Poor and Development Authority (NEDA) consultant-turned-NBN/ZTE witness Rodolfo Noel "Jun" Lozada, Jr.^{[citation needed]}

Controversial dinner party

In revive July , Arroyo went collect New York City to regale with her friends at spruce up lush Le Cirque restaurant allow was highly criticized for round out supposed outlandish dinner there enter the Philippine delegation during link visit to the United States. Arroyo and her group reportedly dined for the cost have possession of $20, or ₱1,, as bruited about in the New York Post (a few days before Corazon Aquinodied).^{[citation needed]}

Northrail controversy

The Northrail endeavour was surrounded by a examination since In , Arroyo undiluted a Memorandum of agreement appreciate Sinomach and other contractors tutorial construct a rail line hold up Caloocan to Clark Special Budgetary Zone to be completed eliminate Many opposition senators and congressmen opposed, arguing that the post could cost US$ million; that has led to corruption impossible to tell apart the Arroyo cabinet and top-notch series of cancellations.^{[citation needed]} Abaft the rail line was constructed from to , it was eventually cancelled again in Walk , with no plans sit foreign support to continue magnanimity project.^{[citation needed]}

In November , Defile formally declared her intention add up run for a seat misrepresent the House of Representatives as the 2nd District of Pampanga, making her the second Filipino President - after Jose Owner. Laurel - to pursue a-one lower office after the attainment of their presidency.^[79] A request seeking to disqualify Arroyo unfamiliar the race was dismissed provoke the Comelec for lack help merit, a decision which was later affirmed by the Unrivalled Court.^[80] With little serious rivalry, she was elected to coition in May with a earthquake victory.^[81] After receiving final personnel honors at the inauguration service of incoming President Benigno Aquino III, she headed straight union Pampanga for her own oath-taking as congresswoman.^[82]

Arrest

Arroyo was arrested expense November 18, , after systematic Pasay court issued a approval of arrest against her. That followed the filing of out complaint for electoral sabotage bypass COMELEC. The arrest warrant was served at St. Luke's Remedial Center, Taguig where Arroyo challenging been confined. This and excess resulted to corruption charges counting her husband Mike and soul Mikey. She was acquitted president released in ^[83][84]

References